Despite difficulties caused by the pandemic, the domestic logistics industry still has many opportunities for growth if it improves competitiveness with foreign competitors.
According to The Ministry of Industry and Trade (MoIT), import and export turnover of goods will continue to grow this year, creating demand for logistics services. By the end of 2021, Viet Nam's total import and export turnover is expected to reach a record level of more than US$660 billion.
More than 4,000 logistics enterprises are operating international logistics services in Viet Nam where their operation has been increasingly improved thanks to increasing digital transformation applications and better business processes, especially ones providing services to European, American and Chinese markets.
According to the MoIT’s Viet Nam Logistics Report 2021, in the first nine months of 2021, the number of newly registered transport and warehousing enterprises increased by 4.61 per cent, and capital increased by 43 per cent over the same period in 2020.
MoIT data showed that in 2021 many logistics enterprises grew in revenue and profit, most with double-digit growth, adding that the volume of goods transported by road and waterways in 10 months of 2021 significantly improved compared to the same term of 2020.
The total tonnage of ships increased sharply by 22 per cent over the same period. The economic situation in the main export markets of Viet Nam also recovered.
The GDP of major consumer markets in the world such as the US, EU, Japan, and China is forecast to continue to grow in 2022 and 2023.
Over the years, Viet Nam’s logistics industry has made remarkable progress. Viet Nam's logistics efficiency index is currently ranked 39 out of 160, up 25 places compared to 2016, which is third among ASEAN countries. However, logistics costs in Viet Nam were still much higher than throughout the world.
According to World Bank (WB) 2020 data, logistics costs in the country were about 20.9-25 per cent of GDP. Meanwhile, the cost in Thailand was 19 per cent, Malaysia 13 per cent, Singapore 8 per cent, and the US 7.7 per cent.
High logistics costs push up the cost of import and export goods of 2020 data, which loses its competitive advantage compared to other countries in Asia such as China, Thailand, the Philippines, Indonesia.
With pressure in the fierce competition of international trade, the race in technology continues to create competitive advantages, save time, optimise costs, create flexibility and reduce risks.
A representative of the Viet Nam Logistics Service Association (VLA) said about 95 per cent of logistics firms were small and micro enterprises, and most of the revenue and market share belonged to foreign logistics enterprises.
The association said the proportion of newly established transport and warehousing enterprises compared to the total number of enterprises in the country was still modest and the capital scale of enterprises in the industry was still limited.
In the first nine months of 2021, there were 2,509 transport and warehousing enterprises that had to temporarily suspend operations, an increase of 14.1 per cent over the same period in 2020. At the same time, 571 enterprises completed dissolution procedures, up 17.7 per cent over the same period in 2020, the association said.
“Currently, Vietnamese logistics enterprises continue to face stiff competition with foreign logistics enterprises,” a VLA representative also said.
Ho Thi Thu Hoa, director of the Viet Nam Logistics Research and Development Institute, said that in order to improve the competitiveness of the economy and trade activities, Vietnamese logistics enterprises needed to focus on the provision of high value-added services such as third-party logistics services and fourth-party logistics services, international multimodal transport services, and cross-border logistics services.
Hoa said: “In order to have strong logistics enterprises, in addition to providing logistics services with the highest quality and standards, businesses need to make efforts in building a system that can flexibly adapt to market fluctuations.”
She said it was particularly necessary to promote the digital transformation process in logistics management through electronic port applications, automatic monitoring, application of cloud computing technology and artificial intelligence to support and care activities, and at the same time develop high-quality human resources.
Super-port project
On December 23, the construction of the Vinh Phuc Inland Container Depot Logistics Center, the first super-port project of the ASEAN Smart Logistics Network, began in the northern province of Vinh Phuc at a cost of VND3.8 trillion (US$165.56 million).
Spanning 83 hectares in Huong Canh Township and Son Loi Commune in Binh Xuyen District, the centre has a designed customs clearance capacity of some 530,000 TEUs per year.
The investor of the project is the T&Y Superport Vinh Phuc Joint Stock company, a consortium of the T&T Group and its Singaporean partners – the YCH Group and YCH Holdings Company.
As part of a detailed plan for the development of Viet Nam's inland port and logistics centre system in 2020, with a vision to 2030, the centre integrates the functions of a distribution centre and an inland container depot. Its first phase is planned to be put into operation in the third quarter of 2022 and Phase 2 in the fourth quarter of 2024.
It will be one of the largest logistics hubs in northern Viet Nam, linking industrial zones by road and rail as well as connecting to Ha Noi, the Hai Phong International Airport, and China’s Yunnan province, said a T&T Group representative.
The centre is also expected to contribute to cutting logistics costs to about 16–20 per cent of GDP and raising the ratio of the sector's contribution to the GDP to 5–6 per cent by 2025.– VNS