In December 2021, the Bach Hung Vuong Joint Stock Company, which is in real estate trading, collected VND2.98 trillion (US$130 million) by successfully issuing corporate bonds with a 12-month maturity.

It is one of a large number of companies to issue bonds in December 2021.

According to the Ha Noi Stock Exchange (HNX), enterprises carried out up to 80 private placements of corporate bonds in just the last month of the year, mobilising a huge amount of funds.

Data from the Viet Nam Bond Market Association showed that in 2021 there were 964 issuances of corporate bonds worth VND595 trillion ($26 billion), including 937 private placements, 23 public offerings and four issuances on the international market.

Analysts said that in the context of banks tightening credit to minimise risks in recent years, corporate bonds have become an increasingly important medium- and long-term source of capital for businesses in most economic sectors.

In the real estate sector for instance, corporate bonds account for nearly half of the outstanding debts.

Tran Van Dung, chairman of the State Securities Commission, said the capital mobilisation through the bond market has helped reduce pressure on the banking sector.

Analysts said corporate bonds would continue to be enterprises’ preferred method of raising capital this year and possibly beyond.

As a result, the bond market has grown rapidly in recent years.

They said however it has some loopholes, which pose a risk to investors, including the lax conditions for issuing bonds. Many loss-making businesses manage to mobilise thousands of billions of dong. Thus, their corporate bonds are unsecured, meaning if a company collapses, investors will be left empty-handed.

Tightening policy

To ensure the corporate bond market develops transparently and efficiently and investors are protected, authorities have made concerted efforts to improve the legal framework and strengthen management and oversight of bond issuances.

Many new strict regulations have come into force, one of which is Decree No.163/ND-CP/2018.

The decree that took effect in early 2019 stipulates that private placements have to be made to less than 100 investors excluding “professional securities investors.”

It requires depository organisations to provide information about corporate bond trading within one working day of a transaction being completed. Regular updates on bond registration and depository must be provided to the stock exchange on a monthly basis.

Wrongdoing related to private corporate bond issuances will be handled based on securities market regulations.

Referring to Decree No.163, the Ministry of Finance said tightening the regulations on private placement of corporate bonds was aimed at protecting investors and ensure the safety of the bond market.

Similar to it is Decree No.81/2020 that came into effect in September 2020 and, among other things, caps leverage after some companies issued bonds worth 10-20 times their equity.

Now the total issuance by a company cannot be more than five times its equity, and there must be a gap of at least six months between two issuances. The issuer also has to declare the purpose of the issuance.

The decree seeks to raise corporate bond market standards and limit private issuances to minimise risks to individual investors.

It increases the responsibility of underwriters in evaluating an issuance to keep low-quality issuers out of the market to protect investors.

Then Decree No.153/2020 was issued in January 2021 to supersede the earlier two decrees to improve corporate bond market governance and market and investor protection.

It regulates private offerings and trading of corporate bonds in the domestic market and offerings in the international market.

It restricts buying of non-convertible bonds not accompanied by warrants to professional securities investors, and convertible bonds with warrants to professional securities investors and a maximum of 100 non-professional investors.

It also lists the responsibilities and rights of investors with respect to privately issued bonds.

The decree also specifies the responsibilities of organisations providing services related to corporate bond issuances to strengthen management and oversight of the market.

A draft circular with amendments to this decree is now under preparation and is set to have stricter regulations for issuances.

One of them is that the proceeds of bond issuances cannot be used for buying shares or bonds.

All issuers must have audited financial statements.

It also has stipulations related to credit ratings for certain types of bonds to comply with international practices that limit investors’ risks.

The State Bank of Viet Nam has issued Circular No.16/2021 with new regulations to govern the purchase and sale of corporate bonds by credit institutions and foreign banks, effectively curbing banks’ investment in this market.

It prohibits banks from buying bonds issued to restructure debts, buy stakes in other companies or increase working capital.

But some experts feared too many tough regulations could impede the growth of businesses and reduce their competitiveness against foreign rivals.

They said tightening bond issuance regulations is not advisable because this might force small enterprises to turn to unofficial channels to raise capital, even loan sharks.

Instead, it would be a better idea to have proper mechanisms to ensure transparency and fairness in issuing corporate bonds to protect investors.

Over the long term, improving credit rating services is critical since ratings have become mandatory for bond issuances, they pointed out.

Investors are now keen on buying corporate bonds since their interest rates are often much higher than what banks pay on deposits.

Many enterprises have announced plans to issue bonds this year.

Bamboo Capital Joint Stock Company hopes to raise VND500 billion, BAF Viet Nam Agriculture Joint Stock Company is eyeing an issuance of VND600 billion and Dat Xanh Group wants to raise VND200 billion.

Experts from securities firm MBS said in the first half of this year the corporate bond market is likely to slow down since it needs time to digest the new regulations before beginning to grow rapidly both in size and in the diversity of products.

A spokesman for Vietcombank Securities Company said interest rates would continue to be low this year while bond market transparency would improve significantly thanks to the new legal provisions, and this augurs well for the market. — VNS