In recent years, the Government bond market has become an important capital mobilisation channel for Viet Nam. However, the scale of the country’s bond market is modest compared to national economic scale and to other regional countries. Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh, chairwoman of Viet Nam Bond Market Association (VBMA), speaks to Vietnam News Agency about proposals to make the Government bond market more attractive.
According to a report of Ha Noi Stock Exchange (HNX), Government bond mobilisation dropped sharply last year in terms of value against 2017. What were the main reasons for this?
The total value of Government bonds issued last year stood at VND196.8 trillion (US$8.46 billion), a year-on-year reduction of 19.35 per cent.
The main cause of reduction in value of Government bond mobilisation came from slow disbursement of public investment. According to the Ministry of Finance, disbursement by ministries, sectors and departments at central and local administrations in the first 11 months of 2018 only hit 59.9 per cent of the yearly plan.
The low disbursement was due to factors like topography, weather and natural disasters as well as obstacles related to site clearance, investors’ ability and policies.
However, it should be recognised that capital mobilised from Government bonds is a loan for economic development and debt burden. If the State budget balance is consolidated by increased tax collection, the State Treasury does not need to complete the Government bond mobilisation plan set at the beginning of the year and the adjusted mobilisation near the end of the year.
On the other hand, in the last six months of 2018, to stabilise the exchange rate in the context of complicated international markets, the State Bank of Viet Nam implemented a tight monetary policy. That made the interest rate rise sharply on the secondary market.
Meanwhile, the State Treasury has not had much pressure to issue Government bonds so the interest rates were not adjusted in line with the market. The gap between interest rates on the primary and secondary market was quite large at about 30-70 basis points (BPS). At the same time, the liquidity of the banking system in 2018 was quite stressful, forcing the central bank to support it through open market operations.
This forced commercial banks to cut cash flow into the Government bond market to ensure liquidity and focus on more effective investment channels. This was why investors, mainly commercial banks and fund management companies, were not interested in investing in Government bonds in the primary market.
What’s your opinion on Viet Nam’s Government bond market compared with other regional ones?
Viet Nam’s Government bond (G-bond) market was established in 2000 and since the nation had a bond trading system in 2009, the Government bond market has developed rapidly in scale. Government bonds have become an increasingly important and effective capital mobilisation channel for development.
As of July last year, the domestic bond market accounted for 39.9 per cent of 2017’s gross domestic product (GDP), while that of the G-bond market was 29.2 per cent.
This was strong growth of the domestic bond market compared with 4.5 per cent in 2003.
However, the scale of Viet Nam’s bond market is still small compared to potential of the domestic economy and to other markets in the region.
The scale of Malaysia’s bond market is 95 per cent of its GDP (G-bond market accounts for 49.7 per cent of GDP), that in Singapore is 81.1 per cent of GDP (G-bond market: 49.6 per cent), Thailand 73 per cent of GDP (G-bond market: 53 per cent), South Korea 124.6 per cent of GDP (G-bond market: 73.6 per cent), and China 68.8 per cent of GDP (G-bond market: 49.8 per cent).
The average trading value per session in Viet Nam’s bond market has reached VND10.4 trillion, much lower than in markets like Singapore or South Korea.
The structure of investors in the domestic bond market has changed thanks to the increase in the number of investors and the diversification of kinds of investors. Besides, the holding rate of commercial banks has reduced to a similar rate in many countries but other institutional investors, including insurance companies, pension funds and mutual funds, is still inadequate.
The reason for that situation is that long-term savings from insurance companies and compulsory retirement funds are still limited. Market makers have mainly operated on the primary market, their interest in the secondary market is still limited. We need support from the Ministry of Finance and State management agencies to expand markets, diversify products and remove difficulties for investors.
What should Viet Nam do to increase the attractiveness of the G-bond market?
To develop the secondary market of G-bond, Viet Nam needs synchronous policies stabilising the political environment as well as the money and foreign exchange markets. At the same time, it should diversify bond maturities, including short-term bonds, to harmonise cash flows and create standard interest curves and full reference interest rates.
In addition, Viet Nam should promote the development of the secondary market.
Viet Nam should also issue new bond products and bond lending operations according to the roadmap on building guidelines of implementing the Law on Public Debt Management in 2017. It needs to develop new products such as floating rate bonds and bond derivatives.
We also need to improve policies to expand investor base and attract foreign investment by establishing funds such as retirement and bond investment.
The organisation of bond issuance needs to follow the market and investors’ demand and focus on organising bidding through Ha Noi Stock Exchange (HNX) to ensure continuity of the market. Interest rate policy is governed according to market rules and is consistent with the development of the bond and money market.
Information of the Government bond market should be regularly updated on websites of the State Treasury, HNX and the Viet Nam Bond Market Association, giving investors sufficient information about mechanisms, policies, plans, bidding schedules, issuance and payment results.
In addition, Viet Nam should complete the legal provisions on payment, issuance and bond trading activities. We also need liquidity support mechanisms for market makers in the primary and secondary markets. — VNS